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1.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 28: e20220419, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1534451

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução O câncer tem impacto na vida das crianças e seus familiares. As Histórias em Quadrinhos podem ser uma estratégia de fortalecer o vínculo e a comunicação entre profissional/paciente/família. Objetivo Desenvolver e validar um material instrucional/educativo, no formato de Histórias em Quadrinhos, voltada para crianças hospitalizadas com leucemia linfóide aguda. Metodologia Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em nove etapas: elaboração do projeto de pesquisa; definição e seleção do conteúdo; adaptação da linguagem; inclusão de ilustrações; construção de um material piloto; validação do material; layout; impressão final e disponibilização. A validação ocorreu com 10 especialistas entre março e maio de 2022, utilizando-se o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em Saúde. Resultados Foram elaboradas 5 Histórias em Quadrinhos, com 6 personagens principais, sendo necessárias 63 horas de trabalho. Elas foram divididas por temáticas (distúrbios gastrointestinais; cistite hemorrágica; problemas relacionados a autoestima e autoimagem; risco de infecção e dor óssea) que obtiveram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global satisfatório entre 0,78 e 0,87. Conclusões e implicações para a prática As histórias em quadrinhos podem ser utilizadas como fonte atrativa e confiável de informações sobre a doença, servindo como apoio às informações durante a internação hospitalar e o preparo para alta.


Resumen Introducción El cáncer tiene un impacto en la vida de los niños y sus familias. Los cómics pueden ser una estrategia para fortalecer el vínculo y la comunicación entre profesional/paciente/familia. Objetivo Desarrollar y validar un material didáctico/educativo, en formato de Historietas, dirigido a niños hospitalizados con leucemia linfocítica aguda. Metodología Estudio metodológico desarrollado en nueve etapas: elaboración del proyecto de investigación; definición y selección de contenidos; adaptación lingüística; inclusión de ilustraciones; construcción de un material piloto; validación del material; disposición; impresión final y disponibilidad. La validación se realizó con 10 especialistas entre marzo y mayo de 2022, utilizando el Instrumento de Validación de Contenido de Educación en Salud. Resultados Se crearon 5 Comics, con 6 personajes principales, requiriendo 63 horas de trabajo. Fueron divididos por temas (trastornos gastrointestinales; cistitis hemorrágica; problemas relacionados con la autoestima y la autoimagen; riesgo de infección y dolor óseo) que obtuvieron un Índice de Validez de Contenido global satisfactorio entre 0,78 y 0,87. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica Los cómics pueden ser utilizados como una fuente atractiva y confiable de información sobre la enfermedad, apoyando información durante la hospitalización y preparación para el alta.


Abstract Introduction Cancer has an impact on the lives of children and their families. Comics can be a strategy to strengthen the bond and communication between professional/patient/family. Objective To develop and validate an instructional/educational material, in the format of Comics, aimed at children hospitalized with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Methodology Methodological study developed in nine stages: preparation of the research project; content definition and selection; language adaptation; inclusion of illustrations; construction of a pilot material; validation of the material; layout; final printing and availability. Validation took place with 10 specialists between March and May 2022, using the Health Education Content Validation Instrument. Results 5 Comics were created, with 6 main characters, requiring 63 hours of work. They were divided by themes (gastrointestinal disorders; hemorrhagic cystitis; problems related to self-esteem and self-image; risk of infection and bone pain) that obtained a satisfactory global Content Validity Index between 0.78 and 0.87. Conclusions and implications for practice Comics can be used as an attractive and reliable source of information about the disease, supporting information during hospitalization and preparation for discharge.

2.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 38(2): e1543, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408453

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes que ingresan a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos son aquellos con alto riesgo de mortalidad que pueden presentar síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple. Los pacientes que padecen leucemia linfoide aguda forman parte de este grupo. Objetivos: Validar la escala pediátrica de evaluación del fallo multiorgánico secuencial (pSOFA) en pacientes cubanos graves con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide aguda. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico, en unidades de cuidados intensivos de hospitales cubanos con 92 pacientes y 184 ingresos. Se calcularon las puntuaciones de las escalas de disfunción multiorgánica secuencial, riesgo de mortalidad e índice de mortalidad pediátrica, y se evaluó la presencia de disfunción orgánica en las primeras 24 h y a las 48 h. Resultados: La puntuación pSOFA fue mayor en los no supervivientes (p < 0,001) y la mortalidad se incrementó de modo progresivo en los subgrupos con las puntuaciones pSOFA más altas. El análisis de las curvas de las características operativas del receptor (ROC) mostró que el área bajo la curva (AUC) para la predicción de la mortalidad con la puntuación pSOFA fue de 0,89, comparado con 0,84 y 0,79 con las escalas PRISM-3 y PIM-2, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La escala pSOFA mostró ser útil para establecer los criterios disfunción orgánica y su especificidad en el riesgo de mortalidad en los pacientes pediátricos cubanos críticos con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide aguda(AU)


Introduction: Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are those with a high risk of mortality who may present multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Patients with acute lymphoid leukemia are part of this group. Objectives: To validate the pediatric sequential multi-organ failure assessment scale (pSOFA) in severe Cuban patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. Methods: An observational, prospective, multicenter study was carried out in intensive care units of Cuban hospitals with 92 patients and 184 admissions. The scores of the sequential multiple organ dysfunction, mortality risk and pediatric mortality index scales were calculated, and the presence of organ dysfunction was evaluated in the first 24 hours and at 48 hours. Results: The pSOFA score was higher in non-survivors (p <0.001) and mortality progressively increased in the subgroups with the highest pSOFA scores. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of mortality with the pSOFA score was 0.89, compared to 0.84 and 0.79 with the PRISM-3 and PIM-2 scales, respectively. Conclusions: The pSOFA scale proved useful to establish the criteria for organ dysfunction and its specificity in the risk of mortality in critical Cuban pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Sensitivity and Specificity , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Multiple Organ Failure , Weights and Measures , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Observational Study
3.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 101 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437639

ABSTRACT

A Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (LLA) é um câncer de maior incidência em crianças, e tem a Lasparaginase (ASNase) como fármaco amplamente utilizado no tratamento dos afetados. A ASNase catalisa a hidrólise do aminoácido L-asparagina (Asn), presente na corrente sanguínea, a ausência do aminoácido no meio extracelular leva à morte células leucêmicas, que necessitam deste aminoácido para as funções celulares. Fatores envolvendo a eficiência do tratamento com ASNase como reações adversas e curta meia-vida, principalmente devido ao reconhecimento pelo sistema imune e degradação por proteases, limitam a sua eficácia. A encapsulação da enzima em lipossomas pode conferir proteção à degradação, melhorar seu perfil farmacocinético e diminuir os efeitos adversos, de forma a melhorar o tratamento da LLA sendo este o objetivo desse trabalho. Lipossomas de DOPC (1,2-dioleoil-sn-glicero-3-fosfocolina) e DMPC (1,2-dimiristoil-snglicero-3-fosfocolina) foram desenvolvidos empregando-se o método de hidratação do filme lipídico e diferentes protocolos de preparo contendo ou não diferentes concentrações de 18:0 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polietilenogicol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG). Os lipossomas produzidos foram utilizados para encapsular a ASNase e os sistemas contendo ou não ASNase encapsulada foram caracterizados por espalhamento de luz dinâmico (DLS), potencial zeta, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e criomicroscopia de transmissão. Adicionalmente, foram avaliados a taxa de encapsulação e o perfil de permeabilidade das vesículas à L-asparagina. As análises de DLS mostraram que as nanoestruturas formadas empregando-se agitação magnética a partir de sistemas contendo 10% e 20% de DSPE-PEG possuem diâmetro hidrodinâmico menor (~ 25 nm a 60 nm) que os mesmos sistemas sem o fosfolipídio peguilado (~190 nm a 222 nm), demonstrando a relação entre a diminuição do tamanho e o aumento da quantidade de fosfolipídio peguilado e possível formação de estruturas micelares ou bicelares. O emprego de agitação em vórtex para hidratação do filme lipídico, adição do antioxidante -tocoferol e redução da concentração de DSPE-PEG (5% e 10%) levou à formação de sistemas com diâmetro hidrodinâmico maior, sendo esse protocolo e concentrações de PEG definidos como padrão. As análises de MET comprovaram a formação de lipossomas com diâmetro hidrodinâmico semelhante ao observado por DLS; com a utilização da criomicroscopia foi possível observar os lipossomas sem deformações. Os lipossomas de DMPC/DSPE-PEG 10% apresentaram maior permeabilidade à L-asparagina ao longo do tempo e, portanto, poderiam funcionar como nanoreatores, depletando o aminoácido da circulação. Estudos in vitro com células tumorais devem ser realizados e em seguida estudos in vivo, para confirmar este potencial


L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a first-choice drug, combined with other drugs, in therapeutic schemes to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children and adolescents. ASNase catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine (Asn) in the bloodstream; since ALL cells cannot synthesize this amino acid, protein synthesis is impaired leading to leukemic cells death by apoptosis. In spite of its therapeutic importance, treatment with ASNase is associated to side effects, mainly hypersensitivity and immunogenicity. Another drawback refers to degradation by plasma proteases that altogether with immunogenicity shortens the enzyme half-life. Encapsulation of ASNase in liposomes, vesicular nanostructures formed by the self-aggregation of phospholipids, is an attractive alternative that possibly will protect the enzyme from plasma proteases, resulting on better pharmacokinetics profile. In this work, we prepared by thin film hydration liposomal formulations of the phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DMPC) containing or not different concentrations of 18:0 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG), and encapsulated ASNase by electroporation. The systems containing or not ASNase were analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering, zeta potential and Electron Microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency and vesicles permeability were also evaluated. According to the DLS analysis, the nanostructures formed by film hydration under magnetic stirring employing 10% or 20% DSPE-PEG presented smaller hydrodynamic diameter (~ 25 nm to 60 nm) than the same systems without the pegylated phospholipid (~ 190 nm to 222 nm), demonstrating the relation between size and the amount of pegylated phospholipid that results in formation of micellar or bicellar structures. The protocol was stabilize by hydration of the lipid film under vortex agitation, addition of the antioxidant - tocopherol and reduction of the concentration of DSPE-PEG (5% and 10%), what altogether led to the formation of nanostructures of higher hydrodynamic diameter and monodisperse systems. TEM analyzes confirmed the formation of liposomes with hydrodynamic diameter similar to that observed by DLS; with the use of cryomicroscopy it was possible to observe the liposomes without deformations. Liposomes of DMPC/DSPE-PEG 10% showed permeability to L-asparagine over time and, therefore, could function as nanoreactors, depleting the circulating amino acid


Subject(s)
Asparaginase/pharmacology , Liposomes/analysis , Asparagine/antagonists & inhibitors , In Vitro Techniques/instrumentation , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology , Antioxidants/adverse effects
4.
Colomb. med ; 52(3): e2074569, July-Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360378

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to correlate the genetic profile of the NUDT15 and TPMT genes with the side effects of the treatment of pediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukemia who were undergoing maintenance therapy at a tertiary care hospital in 2017. Methods: This was an analytical, longitudinal, observational study in which the genotypes of the genes of interest were determined by PCR allelic discrimination with TaqMan® probes in patients receiving chemotherapy during the maintenance phase in the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit in 2017. Sociodemographic and clinical data corresponding to the first six months of their maintenance chemotherapy were collected, and the correlation between the genotypes obtained and the development of side effects during the maintenance phase of chemotherapy in these patients was evaluated. Results: Seventy pediatric patients were included in the study. Genetic analyses were carried out of these for NUDT15 and TPMT (rs1800462 and rs1800460) on 68 patients, while for the rs1142345 polymorphism, typing was achieved in 42 patients. 4/68 patients were heterozygous for NUDT15, and the same number of patients were heterozygous for rs1800462 and rs1142345, while for rs1800460, 6 heterozygous patients were identified. No statistically significant association was identified between the genetic variants and the outcomes of interest. Conclusion: Studies with a larger population size are needed and the evaluation of other genetic variants that may influence the development of side effects during maintenance chemotherapy.


Resumen Objetivo: la finalidad de este estudio fue evaluar las asociaciones entre los perfiles de los genes NUDT15 y TPMT con los efectos adversos del tratamiento de mantenimiento en pacientes pediátricos con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda atendidos en un hospital de referencia durante el 2017. Métodos: Este fue un estudio observacional analítico, de corte longitudinal en el que los genotipos de los genes de interés fueron determinados mediante PCR de discriminación alélica con sondas TaqMan® en pacientes que estaban recibiendo quimioterapia de mantenimiento en la Unidad de Oncohematología Pediátrica durante el 2017. Los datos clínicos y sociodemográficos correspondientes a los primeros 6 meses de sus tratamientos de mantenimiento fueron colectados, y se evaluó la correlación entre los genotipos identificados y el desarrollo de efectos secundarios en estos pacientes. Resultados: setenta pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, de estos, los análisis genéticos para NUDT15 y TPMT (rs1800462 and rs1800460) fueron realizados en 68 pacientes, en tanto que para el polimorfismo rs1142345 se logró la tipificación en 42 pacientes. 4/68 pacientes fueron heterocigotos para NUDT15 y el mismo número de pacientes fueron heterocigotos para rs1800462 and rs1142345, mientras que para rs1800460, 6 pacientes heterocigotos fueron identificados. No se identificaron asociaciones estadísticamente significantes entre las variants genéticas y los resultados clínicos de interés. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de realizar estudios de este tipo con un mayor número de sujetos de estudio, así como plantean la necesidad de evaluar otras variantes genéticas que podrían tener algún impacto en el desarrollo de efectos secundarios durante la quimioterapia de mantenimiento.

5.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 37(3): e1418, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341393

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El pronóstico de las enfermedades hematológicas malignas ha experimentado un importante avance en las últimas décadas, sobre todo por las nuevas combinaciones de quimioterapia. Estos hechos han propiciado que muchos de estos pacientes, en algún momento de su enfermedad, sean tratados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, lo que no era frecuente hace dos décadas. Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo de la disfunción múltiple de órganos en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoide aguda en terapia intensiva en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico, observacional, transversal en el que se incluyeron los pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda y disfunción múltiple de órganos, atendidos en el servicio de terapia intensiva en el periodo 2018 a 2020. Se analizaron las variables: sociodemográficas, estado nutricional, diagnóstico al ingreso, puntaje del score pSOFA, conducta fármaco-terapéutica. Resultados: El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 1 a 4 años, en su mayoría normopesos, con complicaciones de choque séptico, distrés respiratorio, y con 33 por ciento de mortalidad mayor en aquellos pacientes con score pSOFA con más de 10 puntos. La conducta terapéutica más utilizada fue la administración de oxígeno, fluidoterapia y antibióticos de tercera y cuarta generación en la primera hora de ingreso al servicio. Conclusiones: Si el puntaje del score pSOFA es mayor de 10 puntos existe mayor riesgo de muerte y mortalidad pediátrica (90 por ciento )(AU)


Introduction: The prognosis of hematological malignancies has undergone an important advance in the last decades, mainly due to the new chemotherapy combinations. These facts have led many of these patients to be treated in intensive care units at some point during their illness. Objective: To describe the development of multiple organ dysfunction in pediatric patients with acute lymphoid leukemia in intensive care at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology. Methods: A clinical, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out that included pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple organ dysfunction, treated in the intensive care service in the period from 2018 to 2020. The variables were analyzed: sociodemographic, nutritional status, diagnosis on admission, pSOFA score, drug-therapeutic behavior. Results: The most affected age group was 1 to 4 years old, mostly normal weight, with complications of septic shock, respiratory distress, and 33 percent higher mortality in those patients with a pSOFA score with more than 10 points. The most used therapeutic approach was the administration of oxygen, fluid therapy and third and fourth generation antibiotics in the first hour of admission to the service. Conclusions: If the pSOFA score is greater than 10 points, there is a greater risk of death and pediatric mortality (90 percent)(AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Organ Dysfunction Scores , Intensive Care Units , International Cooperation , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 37(3): e1445, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1341399

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Durante el tratamiento de inducción de la leucemia linfoide aguda en niños no siempre se identifican las reacciones adversas a medicamentos. Objetivo: Describir los eventos adversos y las reacciones adversas a medicamentos durante el tratamiento de inducción de la leucemia linfoide aguda, en niños tratados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología de Cuba, durante 2012-2017. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, de series de casos en farmacovigilancia, se utilizó la farmacovigilancia activa. Variables: sexo, edad, grupo pronóstico, semana de tratamiento, tipo de evento adverso, sistema de órgano afectado, severidad e imputabilidad. La información se obtuvo del registro nacional del protocolo ALLIC-BFM 2009 y las historias clínicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 69 niños, 55,1 por ciento (38 casos) fueron masculinos, 56,5 por ciento (39 niños) tenía entre uno y seis años. El 52,2 por ciento (36 pacientes) pertenecían al grupo pronóstico intermedio. Se registraron 471 eventos adversos. El 50,5 por ciento (238/471) ocurrió en la primera semana de tratamiento. Los más frecuentes: anemia (17,8 por ciento; 84/471), neutropenia (16,1 por ciento; 76/471) y trombocitopenia (15,9 por ciento; 75/471). Los sistemas de órganos más afectados: hemolinfopoyético (57,54 por ciento; 271/471) y gastrointestinal (15,71 por ciento; 74/471). El 93,2 por ciento (439/471) se clasificó en reacciones adversas posibles. Según gravedad el 72,4 por ciento (330/456) fueron moderadas y el 27,4 por ciento (125/456) graves. Conclusiones: Todos los casos presentaron eventos adversos, predominaron las alteraciones hematológicas y los eventos reportados para fármacos incluidos en la quimioterapia. Se identificaron reacciones adversas clasificadas como posibles, con predominio de las moderadas y graves(AU)


Introduction: During the induction treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia in children, adverse drug reactions are not always identified. Aims: Describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with acute lymphoid leukemia who receive induction treatment at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology between 2012-2017. Characterize adverse events that occur during induction treatment. Describe adverse drug reactions during induction. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of case series in pharmacovigilance, used active pharmacovigilance. Variables: sex, age, prognosis group, week of treatment, type of adverse event, organ system affected, severity and imputability. The information was obtained from the national register of the ALLIC-BFM 2009 protocol and the medical records. Results: 69 children were included, 55.1 percent belonged to the male sex, 56.5 percent were between one and six years old. 52.2 percent (36 children) belonged to the intermediate prognosis group. 471 events were recorded. 50.5 percent occurred in the first week of treatment. The most frequent: anemia (17.8 percent), neutropenia (16.1 percent) and thrombocytopenia (15.9 percent). The most affected organ systems: hemolinfopoietic (57.5 percent) and gastrointestinal (15.7 percent). According to the severity, 72.4 percent were moderate and 27.4 percent severe. Conclusions: The whole presented adverse events, hematological alterations and reported events for drugs included in chemotherapy predominated. Adverse reactions classified as possible were identified, moderate and severe predominated(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Remission Induction/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
7.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 37(1): e1156, ene.-mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1251708

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los síndromes neurocutáneos comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos hereditarios que comprometen principalmente la piel y el sistema nervioso central. Dentro de estos se incluye la neurofibromatosis, la esclerosis tuberosa y la enfermedad de Von-Hippel Lindau. Se caracterizan por presencia de displasia en distintos tejidos y formación de tumores en diversos órganos. Se ha descrito también un riesgo relativo aumentado para leucemia linfoblástica aguda, leucemia mielomonocítica crónica y linfoma no Hodgkin. Objetivo: Describir caso de paciente con diagnóstico de síndrome neurocutáneo (esclerosis tuberosa) que desarrolló a los 6 años una leucemia linfoide aguda. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina, seis años de edad, con antecedentes de síndrome neurocutáneo tipo esclerosis tuberosa diagnosticado a los dos años de edad- Comenzó con síndrome febril, adenopatías cervicales y hepatoesplenomegalia. El hemograma mostró anemia, trombocitopenia grave y leucocitosis con presencia de blastos. En el medulograma se observó una infiltración de 90 por ciento de blastos linfoides, por lo que se diagnosticó como una leucemia linfoide aguda. Conclusiones: La coexistencia de síndromes neurocutáneos y leucemia linfoide aguda no es frecuente. Se describe una paciente con ambas enfermedades, que fallece a pesar del tratamiento(AU)


Introduction: Neurocutaneous syndromes comprise a heterogeneous set of hereditary disorders mainly affecting the skin and the central nervous system. Among the conditions included are neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis and von Hippel-Lindau disease, characterized by dysplasia in various tissues and the formation of tumors in various organs. Increased relative risk has also been described for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Objective: Describe the case of a patient diagnosed with neurocutaneous syndrome (tuberous sclerosis) who developed acute lymphoid leukemia at age six. Clinical case: A case is presented of a female six-year-old patient with a history of neurocutaneous syndrome, tuberous sclerosis type, diagnosed at age two. The patient started with febrile syndrome, cervical adenopathies and hepatosplenomegaly. The blood count revealed anemia, severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis with the presence of blasts, whereas the medullogram showed 90 percent infiltration by lymphoid blasts, leading to the diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia. Conclusions: Coexistence of neurocutaneous syndromes and acute lymphoid leukemia is not frequent. A case is described of a patient with both conditions who died despite the treatment indicated(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Thrombocytopenia , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis , Neurocutaneous Syndromes/complications , von Hippel-Lindau Disease , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications
8.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 55(1): 31-41, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355546

ABSTRACT

Resumen Durante la ontogenia linfocitaria se produce el reordenamiento de los segmentos génicos V-(D)-J que codifican para la región variable de las cadenas de inmunoglobulinas (Ig) y receptores de linfocitos T (TCR). Durante este proceso, los segmentos se reordenan al azar y ocurren deleciones e inserciones de nucleótidos en la región de unión entre ellos. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron describir las incidencias de los reordenamientos Ig/TCR y de los segmentos V-(D)-J involucrados, en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Para ello se estudiaron 769 pacientes pediátricos con LLA, diagnosticados entre 1999 y 2018 por los centros de la Sociedad Argentina de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica. Se caracterizaron reordenamientos de Ig/TCR mediante PCR-multiplex y secuenciación para la búsqueda de recombinaciones génicas IGH, IGK, TCRB, TCRG y TCRD, en muestras de ADN obtenidas de médula ósea o sangre periférica al diagnóstico. El 95% (n=730) de los casos presentaron reordenamientos Ig/TCR. En el 68% de los casos se caracterizaron recombinaciones génicas IGH, en 43% IGK, en 25% TCRB, en 49% TCRG y en el 55% TCRD. Se caracterizó un total de 2506 reordenamientos de Ig/TCR que correspondían 1161 a inmunoglobulinas y 1345 a TCR. En la mayoría de los casos los reordenamientos de IGH fueron completos, IGK involucró a IGKde, TRCB se reordenó frecuentemente con el segmento Jb2, TCRG involucró preferentemente a Vg9 y los TCRD fueron principalmente reordenamientos incompletos. Este trabajo constituye el primer estudio realizado en la Argentina sobre la caracterización de reordenamientos Ig/TCR en un número muy significativo de pacientes con LLA pediátrica.


Abstract During lymphocyte ontogeny, the variable region of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) is generated by rearrangements of the V-(D)-J gene segments. In this random process, nucleotide deletions and insertions occur between V-(D)-J segments. The aims of this work were to describe the incidence of Ig/TCR rearrangements, and the V-(D)-J segments involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. With this purpose, 769 pediatric ALL patients belonging to Sociedad Argentina de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, diagnosed between 1999 and 2018, were studied. Ig/TCR rearrangements were characterized by multiplex PCR and sequencing to evaluate IGH, IGK, TCRB, TCRG and TCRD rearrangements in DNA samples obtained at diagnosis from bone marrow or peripheral blood. In total, 95% (n=730) of patients disclosed Ig/TCR rearrangements. IGH rearrangements were detected in 68% of cases; in 43% IGK, in 25% TCRB, in 49% TCRG and in 55% of cases, TCRD. A total of 2506 Ig/TCR rearrangements were characterized, being 1161 immunoglobulins and 1345 TCR. In most cases, IGH rearrangements were complete, IGK involved IGKde, TRCB was frequently rearranged with the Jb2 segment, TCRG preferentially involved Vg9, and TCRDs were mostly incomplete rearrangements. This work is the first study of Ig/TCR rearrangements characterization in a very significant number of childhood ALL carried out in Argentina.


Resumo Durante a ontogenia dos linfócitos, ocorre um rearranjo dos segmentos gênicos V-(D)-J que codificam para a região variável das cadeias de imunoglobulinas (Ig) e receptores de linfócitos T (TCR). Durante esse processo, os segmentos reorganizam-se aleatoriamente e exclusões e inserções de nucleotídeos ocorrem na região da união entre eles. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram descrever as incidências dos rearranjos Ig/TCR e dos segmentos V-(D)-J envolvidos, em crianças com leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA). Para tanto, foram estudados 769 pacientes pediátricos com LLA, diagnosticados entre 1999 e 2018 pelos centros da Sociedade Argentina de Hemato-Oncologia Pediátrica. Rearranjos de Ig/TCR foram caracterizados através de PCR-multiplex e sequenciação para procurar recombinações gênicas IGH, IGK, TCRB, TCRG e TCRD em amostras de DNA obtidas da medula óssea ou sangue periférico no diagnóstico. Do total de pacientes estudados, 95% (n=730) apresentaram rearranjos de Ig/TCR. Os rearranjos gênicos IGH foram caracterizados em 68% dos casos, em 43% de IGK, em 25% de TCRB, em 49% de TCRG e em 55% de TCRD. Foi caracterizado um total de 2506 rearranjos de Ig/TCR, correspondendo 1161 a imunoglobulinas e 1345 a TCR. Na maioria dos casos, os rearranjos de IGH foram concluídos, o IGK envolveu o IGKde, o TRCB foi frequentemente rearranjado com o segmento Jb2, o TCRG preferencialmente envolveu o Vg9 e os TCRDs foram principalmente os rearranjos incompletos. Este trabalho constitui o primeiro estudo realizado na Argentina sobre a caracterização de rearranjos de Ig/TCR em um número muito significativo de pacientes com LLA pediátrica.

9.
Fisioter. Mov. (Online) ; 34: e34101, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154225

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 75 to 80% of all such cases in this population. Survival has increased among children and adolescents due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, with a growing emphasis on the need for rehabilitation to improve functionality and quality of life, mitigating the long-term effects of treatment. Objective: To describe the process of compiling and validating an exercise booklet for children and adolescents during and after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: Methodological study using the Delphi technique for validation. The panel of experts consisted of seven healthcare professionals and three mothers of children without ALL. The booklet was evaluated using a form containing 15 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale, and by qualitative assessment. The frequency of the expert ratings, percentage agreement and content validity index (CVI) were presented for each item and the instrument as a whole. Analyses were performed in R 3.5.1 software. Results: The booklet containing stretching, aerobics, strength and relaxation exercises was validated in the second round, reaching 100% consensus. When assessed only by the mothers, 93.33% consensus was achieved in a single round. Conclusion: The exercises booklet was validated for use in the population studied.


Resumo Introdução: A leucemia é o tipo mais comum de neoplasia na população infantil, sendo que a leucemia linfóide aguda representa 75 a 80% de todos os casos de leucemia nessa população. O aumento da sobrevida das crianças e adolescentes com câncer vem ocorrendo devido a avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento, destacando-se cada vez mais a necessidade de reabilitação para melhora da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida, reduzindo os impactos do tratamento a longo prazo. Objetivo: Descrever o processo de elaboração e validação de cartilha de orientação de exercícios em crianças e adolescentes durante e após tratamento de leucemia linfoide aguda. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, utilizando a técnica Delphi para validação. O painel de especialistas contou com sete profissionais da saúde e três mães de crianças sem leucemia linfóide aguda. A avaliação foi feita através de formulário composto por 15 itens, em escala tipo Likert, e avaliação qualitativa. Foram apresentadas as frequências das respostas dos avaliadores, a proporção de concordância e o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) para cada item e para o instrumento como um todo. As análises foram realizadas no software livre R 3.5.1. Resultados: A cartilha composta de exercícios de alongamento, aeróbicos, de força muscular e de relaxamento foi validada na segunda rodada, atingindo 100% de consenso. Na avaliação das mães, obteve-se consenso de 93,33% em única rodada. Conclusão: A cartilha de orientação de exercícios físicos foi considerada validada para utilização na população estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Exercise , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Orientation , Delphi Technique , Aftercare
10.
Univ. salud ; 22(2): 112-119, mayo-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1115960

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En el mundo las leucemias agudas son los tumores más frecuentes en la edad pediátrica, de gran interés por sus implicaciones en el niño y su familia. Objetivo: Identificar la incidencia de leucemia linfoide aguda y su asociación con determinantes demográficos en pacientes con cáncer pediátrico, Antioquia, 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo con intención analítica, sobre la incidencia de leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) y su asociación con determinantes demográficos no causales de pacientes con cáncer infantil, en 190 registros del Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública (SIVIGILA). Resultados: Las tasas de incidencia de cáncer infantil y LLA fueron 10 casos y 4 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes ≤18 años respectivamente. Las variables asociadas a LLA son: ser hombre (RPa: 1,02 IC95%: 0,52 - 2,02), residencia rural (RPa: 1,59 IC95%: 0,55 - 4,56), afiliación al régimen subsidiado (RPa: 1,41 IC95%: 0,68 - 2,92), edad ≥ 9 años (RPa: 0,76 IC95%: 0,38 - 1,50) y oportunidad diagnóstica confirmatoria ≥ 16 días (RPa: 0,34 IC95%: 0,10 - 1,15). Conclusiones: Ser hombre, vivir en zona rural y estar afiliado al régimen subsidiado, está relacionado con la incidencia de leucemia linfoide aguda.


Introduction: Acute leukemias are the most frequent pediatric malignancies worldwide that have led to a great interest due to their implications for children and their families. Objective: To identify the incidence of acute lymphocytic leukemia and its association with demographic determinants in pediatric cancer patients from Antioquia (Colombia) in 2017. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out with an analytical approach to identify the incidence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its association with non-causal demographic determinants in patients with pediatric cancer. 190 records from the Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) were analyzed. Results: The incidence rates of childhood cancer and ALL were 10 and 4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants ≤18 years of age, respectively. The variables associated with ALL are: being male (APR: 1.02 95% CI: 0.52 - 2.02); living in rural areas (APR: 1.59 95% CI: 0.55 - 4.56); being affiliated to the subsidized regime (APR: 1.41 95% CI: 0.68 - 2.92); being ≥ 9 years of age (APR: 0.76 95% CI: 0.38 - 1.50); and having a confirmatory diagnosis after 16 days (APR: 0.34 95% CI: 0.10 - 1.15). Conclusions: The variables related to acute lymphocytic leukemia are: being a man; living in rural areas; and being affiliated to the subsidized regime.


Subject(s)
Leukemia , Child , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Pediatricians , Neoplasms
11.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 35(3): e973, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093278

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El CD45 se expresa en las células hematopoyéticas, su determinación es indispensable para la clasificación inmunofenotípica de la leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA). Objetivo: Evaluar la expresión del antígeno CD45 en los blastos de pacientes pediátricos con LLA y su relación con las características biológicas, morfológicas y clínicas al inicio de la enfermedad, la respuesta al tratamiento y la supervivencia global (SG) de los enfermos. Métodos: Se estudiaron 160 pacientes con LLA entre diciembre del 2012 y diciembre del 2017, tratados con el protocolo ALL-IC BFM-SG 2009. El inmunofenotipaje celular de la médula ósea se realizó por citometría de flujo. Resultados: El fenotipo B CD45+ predominó en los menores de seis años de edad y en los mayores de diez, el fenotipo T CD45+. Se encontró diferencia significativa entre la ausencia de adenopatías mediastínicas, el fenotipo leucémico y la ausencia de CD45 (p=0.004); entre la respuesta a la prednisona en sangre periférica al día ocho, el fenotipo leucémico y la ausencia de CD45 (p=0.001). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la respuesta a la prednisona en sangre periférica el día ocho y la respuesta en médula ósea el día 33, según fenotipo leucémico (p=0.009) y la presencia en los blastos del antígeno CD45 (p=0.02). Se encontró diferencia significativa entre la SG de los enfermos, según fenotipo leucémico y la ausencia del antígeno CD45 (p=0.017). Conclusión: La expresión o ausencia del antígeno de CD45 en los blastos tiene relación con la respuesta al tratamiento y la SG de pacientes pediátricos con LLA(AU)


Introduction: CD45 is expressed in hematopoietic cells, its determination is essential for the immunophenotypic classification of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Objective: To evaluate the expression of the CD45 antigen in the blasts of pediatric patients with ALL and its relationship with the biological, morphological and clinical characteristics at the onset of the disease, the response to treatment and the overall survival (OS) of the patients. Methods: 160 patients with ALL were studied between December 2012 and December 2017, treated with the ALL-IC BFM-SG 2009 protocol. Bone marrow cellular immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry. Results: Patients with the CD45 + B phenotype predominated in those under six years of age, while those with a CD45 + T phenotype in those older than ten. A significant difference was found between the absence of mediastinal lymph nodes, the leukemic phenotype and the absence of CD45 (p = 0.004). A significant difference was found between the response to prednisone in peripheral blood at day eight, the leukemic phenotype and the absence of CD45, p = 0.001. Significant differences were found between the response to prednisone in peripheral blood on day eight and the response in bone marrow on day 33, according to leukemic phenotype and the presence in blasts of the CD45 antigen (p = 0.009 and p = 0.02, respectively). A significant difference was found between the OS of patients, according to leukemic phenotype and the absence of the CD45 antigen, p = 0.017. Conclusion: The expression or absence of the CD45 antigen in blasts is related to the response to treatment and OS of pediatric patients with ALL(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Immunophenotyping/methods , Leukocyte Common Antigens/therapeutic use , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/epidemiology , Flow Cytometry/methods , Phenotype , Survival Analysis
12.
Iatreia ; 32(2): 71-81, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002141

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la leucemia aguda es la neoplasia más común en niños, constituye aproximadamente el 25 % de todos los tumores en la infancia. En Colombia la proporción de curación, alrededor del 50 %, es inferior a lo informado en países desarrollados. Objetivo: el objetivo principal es determinar la supervivencia global y libre de eventos, la proporción de abandono y recaída de los niños con el diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide aguda tratados con el Protocolo ACHOP 2006. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de tipo cohorte de 183 pacientes menores de 18 años, con el diagnóstico confirmado de leucemia linfoide aguda, que recibieron tratamiento en la Fundación HOMI desde el 2007 hasta el 2012. Los análisis de supervivencia se obtuvieron con curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: se analizó la supervivencia global a 2, 3 y 5 años con resultados de 89 %, 87,3 % y 74,7 % (IC 95 % 67-80,9), respectivamente. A los 5 años la supervivencia para el grupo de riesgo estándar fue de 78,6 % (IC 95 % 68,3 - 85,1) y para el de riesgo alto 61,9 % (IC 95 % 50,7- 73). La supervivencia libre de evento, al considerar el abandono y traslado a otra institución como evento, fue de 56,3 % (IC 95 % 45,5-65,8) a los 5 años. La mortalidad en inducción fue de 3,8 %, la mortalidad relacionada con el tratamiento fue 3,4 %. Treinta y dos pacientes (17 %) recayeron, el abandono fue de 16,4 % y los traslados de 10,4 %. La principal complicación del tratamiento fueron las infecciones. Conclusiones: la supervivencia global es aceptable para un país de recursos limitados. Los eventos de abandono y traslado son muy altos. Deben aunarse esfuerzos para disminuir estas situaciones que empeoran el pronóstico de la enfermedad.


SUMMARY Introduction: Acute leukemia is the most common neoplasm in children, accounting for approximately 25% of all tumors in childhood. In Colombia the cure proportion, around 50%, are lower than reported in developed countries. Objective: The main objective is to determine the global and event-free survival of children with diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia, all treated with the ACHOP Protocol 2006, from 2007 to 2012. The secondary objectives are to describe mortality, abandonment, relapse and major complications related to treatment. Material and methods: A descriptive cohort study of 183 patients under 18 years of age, with a confirmed diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who were treated at the Foundation of the Misericordia (HOMI) from 2007 to 2012, was performed. The survival dates were obtained by analysis with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: We analyzed overall survival at 2, 3 and 5 years with results of 89%, 87.3% and 74.7 % (95% CI 67 - 80.9) respectively. At 5 years survival for the standard risk group was 78.6 % (95 % CI 68.3-85.1) and 61.9 % (95 % CI 50.7-73) for the high risk group. The event-free survival, considering the abandonment and transfer to another institution as an event, was 56.3 % (95% CI 45.5 - 65.8) at 5 years. Mortality in induction was 3.8 %, mortality related to treatment was 3.4 %, 32 patients (17 %) relapsed, abandonment was 16.4 % and transfers 10.4 %. The main complication of the treatment was infections. Conclusions: Overall survival is acceptable for a country with limited resources, the events of abandonment and transfers are very high. Efforts should be made to reduce these situations that worsen the prognosis of the disease.


Subject(s)
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Cohort Studies , Minors , Hospitals
13.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 35(1): e938, ene.-mar. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042892

ABSTRACT

La L-asparaginasa es un medicamento utilizado en distintas fases de todos los protocolos de tratamiento actuales de la leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA). Se describen múltiples manifestaciones secundarias a la L asparaginasa entre las que las reacciones alérgicas son las más frecuente. Se estudiaron 144 niños con diagnóstico de LLA tratados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología, entre 1998 y el 2013. En 30 pacientes (21 por ciento) se presentaron reacciones alérgicas, similar a lo descrito en la literatura. El 76,6 por ciento de ellos habían recibido una dosis acumulativa menor de 80 000 UI (media de 48 757) y el mayor número de las reacciones alérgicas (86,7 por ciento) se reportó entre las dosis 9 y 18 recibidas (media de 11 dosis). Se observó una mayor supervivencia en los enfermos que recibieron más dosis (19 - 26 dosis) (p = 0.003). La sobrevida libre de eventos fue también mayor en este grupo (p= 0.357)(AU)


ABSTRACT L-asparaginase is a medication used in different phases of all current treatment protocols for acute lymphoid leukemia. Multiple secondary manifestations to L- asparaginase are described, and allergic reactions are the most frequent. We studied 144 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated at the Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología between 1998 and 2013. Thirty patients (21 percent) had allergic reactions, similar to what is described in literature; 76.6 percent of them had received a cumulative dose of less than 80 000 IU (average of 48 757); and the highest number of allergic reactions (86.7 percent) was reported between doses 9 and 18 received (mean of 11 doses). A greater global survival was observed in patients who received more doses (19 - 26 doses) (p=0.003). Event free survival was also higher in this group (p= 0.357)(AU)


Subject(s)
Asparagine/adverse effects , Asparagine/therapeutic use , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
14.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2019. 94 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1024757

ABSTRACT

L-asparaginase é um inibidor eficiente do crescimento tumoral, usado em sessões de quimioterapia contra a Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA), resultando na remissão completa da doença em 90% dos pacientes tratados. A L-asparaginase II de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScASNaseII) tem alto potencial de superar os efeitos adversos da L-asparaginase de bactéria, porém sua produção endógena resulta em uma proteína hipermanosilada e, consequentemente, imunogênica. A cepa de Pichia pastoris Glycoswitch tem a maquinaria para expressar e secretar altas quantidades de enzima com glicosilação humanizada. Nesse trabalho, descrevemos o processo genético para expressar a ScASNaseII no meio extracelular pela P. pastoris Glycoswitch, e também os parâmetros bioquímicos, perfil cinético, citotoxicidade contra células leucêmicas e a interferência da glicosilação na atividade da enzima obtida. Nossos dados mostram que a cepa aplicada foi capaz de expressar ScASNaseII no meio extracelular passível de purificação de proteínas contaminantes com apenas um passo cromatográfico. A atividade específica para asparagina foi 218,2 UI/mg e a atividade glutaminásica representou 3,1% da atividade asparaginásica. Os parâmetros cinéticos foram KM = 120,5 µM e a eficiência catalítica de 3,8 x 105 M-1s-1. Análises por meio de gel nativo sugerem uma conformação tetramérica de aproximadamente 150 kDa. Essa é uma nova estratégia de produzir essa enzima de forma extracelular, com mais facilidade de purificação e com melhores propriedades biotecnológicas


L-asparaginase is an efficient inhibitor of tumor development, used in chemotherapy sessions against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) tumor cell; its use results in 90% complete remission of the disease in treated patients. Saccharomyces cerevisiae's L-asparaginase II (ScASNaseII) has a high potential to overcome the side effects of bacteria L-asparaginase, but the endogenous production of it results in hypermannosylated immunogenic enzyme. However, Pichia pastoris Glycoswitch strain has the machinery to express and secrete high quantity of the enzyme and with humanized glycosylation. Here we describe the genetic process to acquire the ScASNaseII in the extracellular medium expressed by P. pastoris Glycoswitch, and the biochemical properties of the resultant enzyme, kinetic profile, cytotoxicity against ALL cell line and the interference of glycosylation in its activity. Our data show that the strain employed is able to express extracellular asparaginase active and possible to be purified of contaminant proteins using a single chromatographic step. The specific activity using asparagine was 218.2 IU.mg-1 and the glutaminase activity represents 3.1% of its asparaginase activity. The kinetics parameters were KM=120.5 µM and a catalytic efficiency of 3.8x105 M-1s-1. The Native-PAGE suggested a tetrameric protein conformation, with approximately 150 kDa. This is a novel strategy to produce this enzyme extracellularly, easier to purify and with better biotechnological properties


Subject(s)
Pichia/isolation & purification , Asparaginase/analysis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/isolation & purification , Glycosylation , Recombinant Proteins , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
15.
Niterói; s.n; 2019. 108 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1052642

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O interesse pela vida e sua complexidade por meio do cuidado ao ser humano é a cerne da Enfermagem. A vivência de uma doença maligna pode ser longa e acompanhada por grande sofrimento, desconforto físico, emocional e espiritual, tanto por parte do paciente como de seus familiares/acompanhantes. Destarte, faz-se necessário que a Enfermagem por meio de suas ferramentas de trabalho, a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) possa promover o cuidado humanizado ao familiar/acompanhante de crianças portadoras de Leucemia Linfóide Aguda (LLA) em processo de alta hospitalar. Objetivos: Fortalecer uma nova forma de visualizar a doença, diminuindo o estigma atrelado ao câncer; destacar o aspecto de abordagens centradas no cuidado familiar/acompanhante, utilizando uma ferramenta metodológica. Método: O estudo caracteriza-se por ser exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Elaborado por meio de consulta online, nos seguintes bancos de dados: PUBMED e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) destacando a MEDLINE; LILACS, SciELO e BDENF, com análise da produção científica nacional e internacional relativa ao período de 2013 a 2019. A elaboração da tecnologia educativa contou com três etapas: escolha do conteúdo, com base nas necessidades da família/acompanhante de criança oncológica; criação e a busca por ilustrações; preparação do conteúdo, baseado na literatura científica; avaliação da adequação, da apresentação das informações, da conveniência, facilidade de compreensão, dos conceitos mais importantes, vocabulário claro e objetivo; e adequação da composição visual, atratividade e organização. Resultados: A amostra final da revisão integrativa se constituiu de 4 artigos, no qual houve predominância de estudos descritivos e abordagem qualitativa, que salientam a atuação da equipe de enfermagem visando o cuidado integral, a humanização do tratamento dado à família pela equipe de enfermagem para adaptação da condição de internação da criança e o diálogo como fortalecedor de vínculos. No entanto, foram destacados 21 artigos com abordagem relacionadas ao tema de interesse, o que resultou em 25 artigos analisados para a elabora do conteúdo. Além disso, fica evidenciado a importância das orientações no processo do cuidado e da assistência de enfermagem durante um tratamento desgastante como a quimioterapia. Nesse sentido, por meio do processo de elaboração da cartilha, o relacionamento dialógico entre os profissionais e as famílias assume papel principal para a comunicação efetiva nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: O instrumento é um suporte aos profissionais e às famílias/acompanhantes, para que superem dúvidas e dificuldades que permeiam o processo do tratamento da doença em uso de quimioterapia, contribuindo com orientações para a redução/alívio dos efeitos colaterais da quimioterapia pós terapia hospitalar, além de ampliar o potencial da criança oncológica em tratamento quimioterápico e da sua família na promoção da condição de saúde


Introduction: The interest in life and its complexity through caring for the human being is the core of Nursing. The experience of a malignant disease can be long and accompanied by great suffering, physical, emotional and spiritual discomfort, both by the patient and his family. Therefore, in view of this problem, it is necessary to develop this study which contemplates as object the Systematization of Nursing Care (SAE) in the humanized care of the family / companion of children with cancer during hospital discharge. Objectives: To strengthen a new way of visualizing the disease, reducing the stigma attached to cancer; to emphasize the aspect of approaches focused on family / companion care, using a methodological tool. Method: Qualitative methodological study, according to Wanda Horta and Paulo Freire, through the following steps: integrative literature review and elaboration of educational technology. The integrative review was carried out in the databases LILACS, BDENF, IBECS, MedLine, SciELO and BDENF, with analysis of the national and international scientific production related to the period from 2013 to 2019. The elaboration of the educational technology had three stages: choice of content, with based on the needs of the oncological family / companion; creation and the search for illustrations; content preparation, based on scientific literature; assessment of adequacy, presentation of information, convenience, ease of understanding, the most important concepts, clear and objective vocabulary; and adequacy of visual composition, attractiveness and organization. Results: The final sample of the integrative review consisted of 25 articles, in which there was a predominance of descriptive studies and a qualitative approach, which emphasize the nursing team's work aiming at integral care, the humanization of the treatment given to the family by the nursing team to adaptation of the child's hospitalization condition and dialogue as a linker. In addition, the importance of guidelines in the care and nursing care process during an exhausting treatment such as chemotherapy is highlighted. In this sense, through the process of elaborating the booklet, the dialogical relationship between professionals and families assumes a central role for effective communication in health services. Conclusion: The booklet is a support to professionals and families/companions, to overcome doubts and difficulties that permeate the process of treatment of the disease using chemotherapy, contributing with guidelines for the reduction/relief of the side effects of chemotherapy after hospital therapy, in addition to expanding the potential of oncological children in chemotherapy and their family to promote health status


Subject(s)
Oncology Nursing , Patient Discharge , Family , Child , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Transitional Care , Nursing Care
16.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2018. 108 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906092

ABSTRACT

A L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) é uma enzima tetramérica bacteriana, utilizada em sessões de quimioterapia. Essa enzima depleta os aminoácidos asparagina (Asn) e glutamina (Gln), transformando-os em aspartato (Asp) ou glutamato (Glu), respectivamente, e em amônia. Contudo, a L-ASNase pode induzir resposta imune, levando à produção de anticorpos antiasparaginase, uma causa importante de resistência ao medicamento. Uma L-ASNase ideal seria aquela com alta atividade e estabilidade e baixo potencial imunogênico, porém, as L-ASNases utilizadas na terapêutica não reúnem essas características simultaneamente. Por essa razão, o presente trabalho utilizou técnicas de mutagênese randômica, a fim de criar uma nova proteoforma de L-ASNase de E. chrysanthemi com uma melhor atividade e estabilidade. Além disso, foram estudadas condições de cultivo em agitador metabólico, visando à otimização de condições de produção. Foi criada uma biblioteca com 1.056 clones, e desses, 19 foram selecionados por apresentarem atividade superior ou igual à enzima selvagem quando dosada em extrato bruto. Dentre eles, dois mutantes se destacaram por apresentarem a atividade específica glutaminásica diferente da enzima selvagem. Análises in silico indicam que o mutante 9-6D apresentou diminuição de desordem estrutural e epítopos imunogênicos. O mutante 9-5F demonstrou uma diminuição da porcentagem da atividade glutaminásica quando comparada a enzima selvagem. O estudo de produção do mutante 9-5F indicou que a temperatura de indução, seguida da concentração do indutor, são os parâmetros mais relevantes para a otimização da produção de L-ASNase de E. chrysanthemi mutante


L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a bacterial tetrameric enzyme used in chemotherapy sessions that deplete asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln), transforming them into Aspartate (Asp) or glutamate (Glu), respectively, and ammonia. However, L-ASNase can induce immune response leading to the production of anti-asparaginase antibody, an important cause of drug resistance. Ideally, L-ASNase would be one with high activity, high stability and low immunogenic potential, but the L-ASNases commercially available today do not present these characteristics simultaneously. For this reason, this study used techniques of random and site-directed mutagenesis in order to create a new proteoform of E. chrysanthemi L-ASNase with improved activity and stability. In addition, culture conditions were studied in a metabolic shaker, aiming at the optimization of production conditions. A library with 1,056 clones was created, and of these clones, 19 were selected because they had activity superior or equal to the wild-type enzyme in crude protein extract. Among them, 2 mutants stood out for having different glutaminase specific activity in relation to wild-type enzyme. The 9-6D mutant also showed decreased structural disorder and immunogenic epitopes. The 9-5F mutant demonstrated a decrease in percentage of glutaminase activity when compared to the wild-type enzyme. The production study of 9-5F mutant indicated that the induction temperature followed by the inductor concentration are the most relevant parameters for the production optimization of E. chrysanthemi mutant L-ASNase


Subject(s)
Asparaginase/analysis , Dickeya chrysanthemi/classification , Clone Cells , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Mutation
17.
Invest. clín ; 58(2): 128-139, jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-893529

ABSTRACT

La leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) es la neoplasia maligna hematológica más común en niños. Se ha podido demostrar un perfil específico de metilación de islas CpG en las regiones promotoras de genes supresores de tumor, que desempeña un papel crítico en el silenciamiento transcripcional y puede ofrecer nuevas opciones de tratamiento. Con el objetivo de determinar este perfil, se analizó el estado de metilación de las islas CpG de la región promotora de cuatros genes supresores de tumor asociados a diferentes etapas del proceso de carcinogénesis, dos p15 y p73 asociados a la regulación del ciclo celular y a la apoptosis y dos E-cadherin y RARβ2, involucrados en la migración y metástasis tumoral. Se analizaron 30 muestras de sangre periférica mediante modificación del ADN con bisulfito sódico y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa específica para metilación y se obtuvo en todos los pacientes, al menos la metilación de un gen (100%) y frecuencias específicas de metilación de 76,67% para el gen p73 (23 pacientes); 56,67% para el p15 (7 pacientes); 16,67% para el E-cadherin (5 pacientes) y 20,0% para el RARβ2 (6 pacientes). La frecuencia de metilación observada en los genes p15 y p73, sugiere el papel importante de esos genes en la patogenia de la LLA y su probable utilidad en el asesoramiento de riesgo y en la selección del tratamiento más adecuado.


Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children. A specific methylation profile of CpG islands in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes has been demonstrated, which plays a critical role in transcriptional silencing and may offer new treatment options. In order to determine this profile, the methylation status of CpG islands was analyzed in the promoter region of four tumor suppressor genes associated with different stages of carcinogenesis: two associated with the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis: p15 and p73; and two involved in migration and tumor metastasis: E-cadherin and RARβ2. Thirty peripheral blood samples were analyzed by modification of DNA with sodium bisulfite and chain reaction polymerase specific for methylation. In all patients, the methylation of at least one gene was observed (100%) and additionally, there were specific methylation frequencies of 76.67% for the p73 gene (23 patients); 56.67% for p15 (seven patients); 16.67% for E-cadherin (five patients) and 20.0% for the RARβ2 (six patients). The frequency of methylation observed in p15 and p73 genes suggests the important role of these genes in the pathogenesis of ALL and its usefulness in risk assessment and the selection of the most appropriate treatment.

18.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 33(2): 1-11, abr.-jun. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-901084

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) es la neoplasia más frecuente en la infancia. La determinación del antígeno CD45 discrimina entre los blastos y las células reactivas en la médula ósea (MO). Objetivo: evaluar la expresión del antígeno CD45 sobre los blastos de pacientes con LLA, según los distintos subtipos inmunológicos, su posible relación con las características biológicas y clínicas de presentación de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento antileucémico. Métodos: se estudiaron 150 pacientes con LLA procedentes de varios servicios oncohematológicos del país, entre enero del 2008 y mayo del 2015. El inmunofenotipaje celular de la MO se realizó por citometría de flujo. Resultados: el antígeno CD45 mostró una gran heterogeneidad de expresión sobre los linfoblastos. Del total de enfermos estudiados, 19,3 por ciento no expresaron sobre los blastos el antígeno CD45, 36,7 por ciento presentaron una expresión moderada y 44 por ciento mostraron una alta densidad de expresión. Se encontró diferencia significativa al comparar el fenotipo leucémico con la expresión del antígeno CD45 sobre los blastos (p = 0,000). Ningún enfermo presentó adenopatías mediastinales, con diferencias significativas (p = 0,000), según el fenotipo y la expresión de CD45. Los pacientes con LLA-T cuyos blastos no expresaron CD45 tuvieron una mala respuesta al tratamiento anti-leucémico los días 8 y 15 en sangre periférica y MO, respectivamente. Conclusión: la expresión de CD45 sobre los blastos, pudiera ser considerada como un factor pronóstico adicional para la estratificación en diferentes grupos de riesgos, de la LLA en el niño(AU)


Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent neoplasia in infancy. Determination of CD45 antigen discriminates between blasts and reactive cells in the bone marrow (MO). Objective: To evaluate the expression of the CD45 antigen on the blasts of patients with ALL, according to the different immunological subtypes, their possible relation with the biological and clinical characteristics of the disease and the response to antileukemic treatment. Methods : 150 patients with ALL were studied from various onco-hematological services of the country, between January 2008 and May 2015. The cellular immunophenotyping of the MO was performed by flow cytometry. Results : The CD45 antigen showed a great heterogeneity of expression on the lymphoblasts. Of the total number of patients studied, 19.3 percent did not express the CD45 antigen on the blasts, 36.7 percent presented moderate expression and 44 percent showed a high expression density of it.A significant difference was found when comparing the leukemic phenotype with the expression of the CD45 antigen on the blasts (p = 0.000). No patient had mediastinal lymphadenopathy, with significant differences (p = 0.000), according to the phenotype and CD45 expression. Patients with T-ALL whose blasts did not express CD45 had a poor response to anti-leukemic treatment on days 8 and 15 in peripheral blood and MO, respectively. Conclusion: CD45 expression on blasts could be considered as an additional prognostic factor for stratification in different risk groups of ALL in children(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology , Leukocyte Common Antigens , Flow Cytometry/methods , Antigens/immunology
19.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 35(1): 78-85, jan.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-845729

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da terapia sobre a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e composição corporal em sobreviventes da leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA), tratados de acordo com os protocolos brasileiros do Grupo Cooperativo Brasileiro de Tratamento de Leucemia Linfoide Aguda na Infância (GBTLI), LLA-93 e LLA-99. Métodos: Em estudo transversal com 101 pacientes, avaliaram-se a composição corporal e a DMO por meio da densitometria óssea, interpretando-a conforme a faixa etária e a população de referência. Foi considerado grupo de risco para baixa DMO valores de z-escore entre -1,1 e -1,9 no grupo dos menores de 20 anos. Compararam-se os valores da DMO com características clínicas, tratamento recebido e composição corporal. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, razão de verossimilhança e t de Student, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram encontradas 2% de fraturas, 2% de osteonecrose e 2,9% de baixa DMO. No grupo de pacientes com menos de 20 anos, três apresentaram baixa DMO. Os 16 pacientes com risco para baixa DMO exibiram menores valores em vértebras lombares L1-L4 (p=0,01), corpo total (p=0,005) e valores mais baixos de massa magra (p=0,03). No grupo de 22 pacientes com mais de 20 anos, dez demonstraram osteopenia. Conclusões: O baixo impacto do tratamento sobre a DMO neste estudo ratifica o conceito de que o ganho de massa óssea ocorre com o aumento da idade e que o tratamento não influencia tal processo. A população de risco para baixa DMO demonstrou valores menores de massa óssea, podendo beneficiar-se de um acompanhamento em longo prazo para uma possível toxicidade óssea.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated in accordance with Brazilian protocols by the Brazilian Cooperative Group of Treatment of Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood (GBTLI) LLA-93 and LLA-99. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 101 patients was performed. BMD and body composition were evaluated using bone densitometry and were interpreted according to the age group and the reference population. Values between -1.1 and -1.9 in the group of children under 20 years were considered as risk group for low BMD z-scores. BMD values were compared to clinical characteristics, treatment received and body composition. A chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, likelihood ratio and Student’s t-test were applied, with a 5% significance level. Results: The patients presented a frequency of fractures of 2%, of osteonecrosis, 2%, and of low BMD, 2.9%. In the group of 79 patients under 20 years of age, three had low BMD. The 16 that presented risk for low BMD, demonstrated lower valutes in lumbar vertebrae L1-L4 (p=0.01) and whole body (p=0.005), and smaller values of lean body mass (p=0.03). In the group of 22 patients over 20 years of age, ten had osteopenia. Conclusions: The low impact of treatment on BMD of this study confirms the concept that the bone mass gain occurs with increasing age and that the treatment does not influence the process. The population at risk for low BMD values presented lower bone mass values and could benefit from a long-term monitoring for possible bone toxicity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Radiotherapy , Body Composition/drug effects , Body Composition/radiation effects , Bone Density/drug effects , Bone Density/radiation effects , Antineoplastic Protocols , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Time Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/radiotherapy
20.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 58 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361660

ABSTRACT

As peroxirredoxinas (Prx) são enzimas antioxidantes que se destacam pela capacidade de decompor uma grande variedade de hidroperóxidos com elevada eficiência (106-108M-1s-1), mantendo essas moléculas em níveis adequados à homeostase celular. Entretanto, já foi demonstrado que em diversos tipos tumorais os níveis de Prx são extremamente aumentados e experimentos envolvendo sua inativação resultam na diferenciação ou apoptose de células tumorais. Recentemente, foi descoberto um diterpenóide denominado adenantina que seria o primeiro inibidor para as Prx1 e Prx2 de humanos e foi demonstrada que sua aplicação em células de leucemia mieloide aguda promoveu diferenciação ou apoptose dessas células. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta duas vertentes: 1) A caracterização das alterações estruturais e funcionais promovidas pela ligação da adenantina ao sítio ativo das Prx utilizando Tsa1 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como modelo biológico, em função da sua alta similaridade com Prx2 de humanos; 2) Avaliação da atividade antitumoral dose dependente de adenantina sobre as linhagens celulares REH e MOLT-4 de leucemia linfoide aguda. No que concerne à primeira linha de investigação, nossos resultados revelam que Tsa1 é suscetível à inibição por adenantina, uma vez que o tratamento reduziu em ~66 % a velocidade de decomposição de peróxido de hidrogênio. Adicionalmente, a mutação da Thr44 de Tsa1, pertencente à chamada tríade catalítica, por uma Ser resultou em uma proteína mais suscetível a alterações na estrutura secundária e à inibição da atividade peroxidásica em função da ligação com adenantina, apresentando uma diminuição de ~85% na velocidade de reação. Características semelhantes foram observadas para a proteoforma Tsa2 de S. cerevisiae, que carreia naturalmente a substituição da Thr44 pela Ser. Análises de sequências de Prx em bancos de dados revelaram que majoritariamente proteínas contendo Ser são encontradas em organismos procariotos, muitos deles patogênicos. Finalmente, demonstramos por meio de ensaios citotoxicidade que as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis, que possuem uma Ser na tríade catalítica, têm seu crescimento inibido pelo tratamento com adenantina (IC50 de 460µM e 77µM, respectivamente), enquanto que para Escherichia coli, que possui Thr nessa posição, a toxicidade da adenantina foi bastante baixa (não foi possível determinar o IC50 nas condições utilizadas). Dessa forma, os dados apresentados neste trabalho demonstram o potencial da utilização da adenantina tanto como antibiótico quanto como antileucêmico


Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are antioxidant enzymes which stand out due the ability to decompose a wide variety of hydroperoxides with high efficiency (106-108M-1s-1) maintaining these molecules at suitable levels to cellular homeostasis and participating in several signaling events. However, it has been shown that, in many tumor types, Prx levels are extremely increased and experiments involving its inactivation have resulted in differentiation or apoptosis of tumor cells. It was recently found a diterpenoid, called adenanthin, that would be the first human Prx1 and Prx2 inhibitor and it was demonstrated that its application in acute myeloid leukemia cells was able to promote differentiation or apoptosis. In this context, this work presents two lines of research: 1) Characterization of structural and functional changes promoted by adenanthin binding to Prx active site using Tsa1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biological model, due to its high similarity to human Prx2. 2) Evaluation of adenanthin dose-dependent antitumor activity over the acute lymphoid leukemia cell lines REH and MOLT-4. As regards the first line of research, our result reveal that Tsa1 is susceptible to inhibition by adenanthin, since the treatment with this binder reduced the hydrogen peroxide decomposition velocity in ~ 66%. In addition, the replacement of Thr44 from Tsa1, aminoacid belonging to the so-called catalytic triad, by a Ser resulted in a protein more susceptible to alterations in secondary structure and to peroxidase activity inhibition in function of adenanthin binding, presenting ~85% of decrease in reaction velocity. Similar characteristics were observed for Tsa2 proteoform from S. cerevisiae, which naturally carries the substitution of Thr44 by Ser. Prx sequences analyzes in databases revealed that mostly Ser-containing proteins are found in prokaryotic organisms, many of them pathogenic ones. Finally, we demonstrate through cytotoxicity assays that the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which have a Ser in catalytic triad, have their growth inhibited by adenanthin treatment (IC50 of 460µM and 77µM, respectively), whereas for Escherichia Coli, which has Thr at that position, the tocyxicity of adenanthin was quite low (it was not possible to determine the IC50 under the used conditions). Regarding the second line of investigation, we found that adenanthin is able to induce the death of leukemic cell lines REH and MOLT-4, and for the last one, there was an unexpected proliferation of cells treated by the longest incubation period (72 hours), characterizing a possible indication of differentiation process. In this sense, the data presented here demonstrate the potential of adenanthin use in both antibiotic and antileukemic treatment


Subject(s)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Peroxiredoxins/classification , Growth Inhibitors/analysis , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/classification , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology
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